10 Sep 2026

European Central Bank to resume interest rate hikes in September as inflation, energy risks rise

The European Central Bank is expected to hike key interest rates on Thursday after pausing in July.
ECB President Lagarde’s comments and updated economic forecasts will be closely scrutinized.
The Euro is poised for a big reaction to the ECB’s policy announcements.

The European Central Bank (ECB) is expected to raise the interest rate on the Main Refinancing Operations and the Deposit Facility by 25 basis points (bps) to 2.65% and 2.50%, respectively. The ECB will announce the decision on Thursday at 12:15 GMT.

Unlike in July, the interest rate decision will be accompanied by the central bank staff’s updated economic projections and followed by ECB President Christine Lagarde’s press conference at 12:45 GMT.

The Euro (EUR) is likely to experience intense volatility around the ECB’s policy announcements, as all eyes will be on the central bank’s signals on the future rate path.

What to expect from the ECB interest rate decision?

The ECB is set to resume raising interest rates after pausing at its July monetary policy meeting.

Renewed hostilities in the Middle East and the resulting rebound in energy prices continue to spur inflation concerns and bolster rate-hike expectations.

The Eurozone’s Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) annual inflation accelerated to a nearly three-year high of 3.3% in August, remaining above the ECB’s 2% target.

Meanwhile, the Q2 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the Old Continent grew 0.6% quarter-on-quarter (QoQ) after contracting by 0.2% in the first quarter. On a yearly basis, economic growth rose 1.2% from 0.3% in the preceding period.

“The Eurozone macro backdrop argues in favor of bringing the policy rate closer to the upper end of the ECB’s 1.75%-3.00% neutral range. The swaps curve more than fully prices in ECB rates at 3.00% in the next twelve months, which is EUR supportive,” Analysts at BBH explained.

With a rate hike on Thursday all but certain and little change expected to September’s inflation and growth forecasts, the main focus will be on the language in the Monetary Policy Statement and President Lagarde’s comments during the post-policy meeting press conference.

Given recent hawkish commentary from several ECB policymakers, markets will closely watch for any hints from Lagarde about the possibility of additional rate hikes this year.

How could the ECB meeting impact EUR/USD?

The Euro remains stuck in a narrow range below 1.1650 against the US Dollar (USD), consolidating the pullback from three-month highs of 1.1711, ahead of the ECB event risks.

If President Lagarde signals that additional tightening could be needed, particularly because inflation remains well above the 2% target, markets could price a higher terminal rate.

A hawkish tone, combined with upward revisions to inflation forecasts, would likely support the Euro and push EUR/USD back above the 1.1700 round level.

On the other hand, the Euro could weaken sharply and send EUR/USD toward 1.1550 if the ECB president emphasizes weaker growth risks and characterizes the inflation shock from energy prices as temporary, suggesting a more cautious approach to future tightening. This scenario could prompt traders to scale back expectations for additional rate hikes and weigh on the EUR.

Dhwani Mehta, Asian Session Lead Analyst at FXStreet, highlights key technical levels for trading EUR/USD following the monetary policy announcement.

“The pair trades above the 21-day, 50-day and 100-day Simple Moving Averages (SMAs), while battling the 200-day SMA around 1.1640. The cluster of underlying SMAs suggests a constructive backdrop, and the Relative Strength Index (RSI) around 58.50 on the daily chart hints at firm but not overextended bullish momentum.”

“On the topside, the first hurdle aligns at the 1.1700 threshold. A sustained break above this barrier would open the way for a retest of the 1.1750 psychological barrier. Above that level, the 1.1790 supply zone will be exposed. On the downside, initial support is seen at the 100-day SMA around 1.1560, and the 50-day SMA near 1.1526, providing deeper layers of demand should a pullback unfold.”

Economic Indicator

ECB Rate On Deposit Facility

One of the European Central Bank's three key interest rates, the rate on the deposit facility, is the rate at which banks earn interest when they deposit funds with the ECB. It is announced by the European Central Bank at each of its eight scheduled annual meetings.

ECB FAQs

What is the ECB and how does it influence the Euro?

The European Central Bank (ECB) in Frankfurt, Germany, is the reserve bank for the Eurozone. The ECB sets interest rates and manages monetary policy for the region. The ECB primary mandate is to maintain price stability, which means keeping inflation at around 2%. Its primary tool for achieving this is by raising or lowering interest rates. Relatively high interest rates will usually result in a stronger Euro and vice versa. The ECB Governing Council makes monetary policy decisions at meetings held eight times a year. Decisions are made by heads of the Eurozone national banks and six permanent members, including the President of the ECB, Christine Lagarde.

What is Quantitative Easing (QE) and how does it affect the Euro?

In extreme situations, the European Central Bank can enact a policy tool called Quantitative Easing. QE is the process by which the ECB prints Euros and uses them to buy assets – usually government or corporate bonds – from banks and other financial institutions. QE usually results in a weaker Euro. QE is a last resort when simply lowering interest rates is unlikely to achieve the objective of price stability. The ECB used it during the Great Financial Crisis in 2009-11, in 2015 when inflation remained stubbornly low, as well as during the covid pandemic.

What is Quantitative tightening (QT) and how does it affect the Euro?

Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse of QE. It is undertaken after QE when an economic recovery is underway and inflation starts rising. Whilst in QE the European Central Bank (ECB) purchases government and corporate bonds from financial institutions to provide them with liquidity, in QT the ECB stops buying more bonds, and stops reinvesting the principal maturing on the bonds it already holds. It is usually positive (or bullish) for the Euro.